![]() Waterfall methodology, sometimes referred to as the linear sequential life cycle or waterfall model, is a project management method that approaches development in a linear and sequential, or cascading, order. Related: Understanding the Project Management Processes and Phases What is the waterfall method? In this article, we explain what the waterfall methodology is, list the stages employed in this cascading method, compare it to the agile approach to project management and software development, and detail some of the waterfall method's advantages and limitations. It can be extremely effective due to its meticulous planning, attention to detail and linear implementation. Since the testing done at a later stage, it does not allow identifying the challenges and risks in the earlier phase, so the risk reduction strategy is difficult to prepare.The waterfall model is one of the most well-known project management methodologies you can use to guide your process and project phases.For example, if the application has now shifted to the coding phase, and there is a change in requirement, It becomes tough to go back and change it. It becomes tough to go back to the phase.This model cannot accept the changes in requirements during development.In this model, the risk factor is higher, so this model is not suitable for more significant and complex projects.It gives easy to control and clarity for the customer due to a strict reporting system.The release date for the complete product, as well as its final cost, can be determined before development.The start and end points for each phase is fixed, which makes it easy to cover progress.The requirements are simple and explicitly declared they remain unchanged during the entire project development.This model is simple to implement also the number of resources that are required for it is minimal.When resources are well prepared and are available to use.Where the tools and technology used is consistent and is not changing.When the requirements are constant and not changed regularly. ![]() Some Circumstances where the use of the Waterfall model is most suited are: Operation and maintenance phase: Maintenance is the task performed by every user once the software has been delivered to the customer, installed, and operational. However, in this phase, the modules are tested for their interactions with each other and with the system.ĥ. Unit testing determines the efficiency of individual modules. The better output will lead to satisfied customers, lower maintenance costs, and accurate results. Integration and System Testing: This phase is highly crucial as the quality of the end product is determined by the effectiveness of the testing carried out. After that these modules are tested by writing some overhead code to check the interaction between these modules and the flow of intermediate output.Ĥ. Small modules are tested in isolation initially. If the SDD is complete, the implementation or coding phase proceeds smoothly, because all the information needed by software developers is contained in the SDD.ĭuring testing, the code is thoroughly examined and modified. Implementation and unit testing: During this phase, design is implemented. All this work is documented as a Software Design Document (SDD).ģ. It defines the overall software architecture together with high level and detailed design. Design Phase: This phase aims to transform the requirements gathered in the SRS into a suitable form which permits further coding in a programming language. It describes the "what" of the system to be produced and not "how."In this phase, a large document called Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is created which contained a detailed description of what the system will do in the common language.Ģ. ![]() Both the customer and the software developer work together so as to document all the functions, performance, and interfacing requirement of the software. ![]() Requirements analysis and specification phase: The aim of this phase is to understand the exact requirements of the customer and to document them properly. This model is named " Waterfall Model", because its diagrammatic representation resembles a cascade of waterfalls.ġ. The developer must complete every phase before the next phase begins. The steps always follow in this order and do not overlap. Winston Royce introduced the Waterfall Model in 1970.This model has five phases: Requirements analysis and specification, design, implementation, and unit testing, integration and system testing, and operation and maintenance.
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